As winter approaches, beekeepers know the importance of preparing their hives to help their bees survive the colder months.

Part of this preparation includes ensuring that the bees have enough food stores and removing unnecessary frames, giving the colony its best chance of staying healthy and strong throughout the season.

1. Check Food Reserves

Bees require adequate food to make it through winter, and it’s up to the beekeeper to confirm that reserves are sufficient.

Take time to evaluate each hive’s honey stores, either by carefully inspecting the frames or, if experienced, by assessing the hive’s weight.

Make sure that there are no crystalized sugars inside the hive and that the bees can comfortably create the “ball” with honey stored above their heads.

2. Remove Unnecessary Frames

Bees cluster together in winter to maintain warmth, which means unused or partially filled frames can become a liability.

Remove any frames that bees haven’t covered by at least 50% because these frames can reduce hive efficiency and add unnecessary clutter.

Reducing the number of frames also means bees won’t waste energy keeping an unused area warm.

3. Organize the Hive Space

Bees can better manage their cluster in smaller hive spaces and conserve energy.

Arrange honey frames around the brood nest so that food is within easy reach as temperatures drop.

In cold conditions, bees will find it hard to move around, so having food close is essential.

4. Check for Damage

Inspect the hive boxes, lids, and other parts to ensure they’re intact.

Gaps, holes, or other damage could lead to drafts or pest invasions during winter besides a loss in heat.

Seal up any openings but remember to leave ventilation for airflow to prevent condensation buildup, which can be harmful to the bees.

5. Insulate but Ventilate

While insulating the hive helps retain warmth, too much insulation without ventilation can trap moisture, potentially leading to mold growth.

Consider adding an insulated lid or placing a piece of insulation over the inner cover, while keeping the entrance slightly open or using a top vent to allow moisture to escape.