As the cold season nears, beekeepers may observe a noticeable increase in the mortality rate among their bees.
This shift, although alarming at first glance, is actually a natural and essential part of a colony’s winter preparation.
Rather than signaling trouble, this rise in mortality represents the colony’s strategy for survival through the winter months.
Why Bees Change Generations in Autumn
Regular, or “summer” bees, have a shorter lifespan, as their roles involve intense foraging and maintaining the hive’s daily needs.
Winter bees, however, are specialized for the colder months, with physiological adaptations that allow them to survive and sustain the hive until spring.
Transitioning from summer bees to winter bees ensures that only the strongest, long-lived bees will form the winter cluster to maintain warmth and protect the queen.
Key Differences Between Summer Bees and Winter Bees
Longevity: Winter bees are designed to live several months, unlike summer bees, which generally have shorter lifespans.
Fat Storage: Winter bees have higher fat storage in their bodies, providing energy to endure the cold months without the frequent foraging of summer.
Less Active: As temperatures drop, winter bees cluster around the queen to preserve heat, minimizing activity and energy use.
Observing the Change
This seasonal transition, while essential, can look concerning as you’ll notice more bees perishing outside or near the hive.
As long as the hive is otherwise healthy and food stores are sufficient, there’s usually no reason to worry.
Beekeepers should ensure that adequate honey stores are available and that the hive is properly insulated for the months ahead.
Helping Your Bees Transition Smoothly
Inspect Hive Health: A quick pre-winter check to assess colony size and look for disease signs is beneficial.
Check Food Stores: Ensure there is enough honey for winter, or provide a sugar solution if needed.
Avoid Disruptions: Limit hive openings as temperatures drop to help bees maintain internal warmth.
