Dealing with Varroa mites is one of the biggest challenges for beekeepers.
Among the many treatment options available, Formic acid stands out as one of the best for effectively reducing mite populations.
Vapor action
When formic acid is applied to a beehive, it evaporates, creating vapors that spread throughout the hive.
These vapors can penetrate the sealed brood cells where Varroa mites often hide, attacking both adult mites and their developing young.
Respiratory toxicity
The vapor disrupts the mites’ respiration, affecting their ability to take in oxygen, which eventually leads to their death.
This is important because Varroa mites are typically resistant to many surface treatments due to their hard exoskeleton.
Safe for bees
While formic acid can also be harsh for bees in high concentrations, when used correctly, it can kill Varroa mites without severely harming the bees.
Bees have a better ability to withstand short-term exposure to formic acid compared to Varroa mites.
Application Methods
Formic acid is available in several different forms, including pads and gels, which make it easier for beekeepers to administer.
Here’s how you can apply formic acid:
1. Formic Acid Strips: These are pre-soaked strips that are placed inside the hive.
They release a controlled amount of formic acid vapor, which is then distributed throughout the hive.
2. Pads or Sponges: Some beekeepers use pads or sponges soaked in formic acid and placed near the brood.
This method allows the acid to vaporize gradually, ensuring that it reaches all areas of the hive.
Safety Precautions
While formic acid is effective, it’s important to use it carefully:
Temperature Sensitivity: Formic acid should be used only when the outside temperatures are within a specific range.
If it’s too hot, it can be harmful to the bees, and if it’s too cold, it may not evaporate effectively.
Protective Gear: Always wear protective clothing and gloves when handling formic acid.
The fumes can be irritating, so work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling them.
